Mediação de saberes na sobrevivência ao câncer de laringe: a experiência de pessoas Laringectomizadas Totais / Mediation of knowledge in surviving laryngeal cancer: the experience of Total Laryngectomized persons / Mediación del conocimiento en la supervivencia al cáncer de laringe: la experiencia de las personas sometidas a Laringectomía Total

O presente estudo parte de reflexões acerca da sobrevivência ao câncer e da experiência estigmatizante vivenciada por pessoas diagnosticadas com câncer de laringe no Hospital Nacional do Câncer/Instituto Nacional do Câncer, submetidas à cirurgia de Laringectomia Total e participantes do Grupo de Laringec-tomizados Totais. O objetivo foi compreender as mediações de saberes e de informações produzidas pelos participantes do grupo na interface com os profissionais de saúde, considerando a sua dupla condição de estigma: o câncer e a deficiência. Parte-se de uma abordagem socioantropológica de caráter qualitativo e ex-ploratório que empregou os métodos de entrevista narrativa com cinco participantes. A análise foi realizada pelo método hermenêutico-dialético. Nos resultados destacam-se a busca pelo reconhecimento individual e social e a valorização da experiência frente aos saberes oficiais e o quanto as mediações extrapolam o espaço institucional. A mediação de saberes faz emergirem elementos significativos para o enfrentamento de uma cultura informacional dominante.

This study is based on reflections on surviving cancer and the stigmatizing experience of people diagnosed with laryngeal cancer at the Hospital Nacional do Câncer/Instituto Nacional do Câncer, who underwent Total Laryngectomy surgery and participated in the Total Laryngectomy Group. The goal was to understand the mediations of knowledge and information produced by the group participants, in the interface with health professionals, considering their double condition of stigma: cancer and disability. It is based on a socio-anthropological approach, of qualitative and exploratory nature that employed the narrative interview method with five participants. The analysis was carried out through the hermeneutic-dialectic method. The results highlight the search for individual and social recognition and the appreciation of experience in relation to official knowledge, and how the mediations go beyond the institutional space. The mediation of knowledge brings out significant elements to confront a dominant informational culture.

El presente estudio se basa en las reflexiones sobre la supervivencia al cáncer y la experiencia estigmatiza-dora de personas diagnosticadas de cáncer de laringe en el Hospital Nacional do Câncer/Instituto Nacional do Câncer, que se sometieron a una Laringectomía Total y participaron en el Grupo de Laringectomía Total. Objetivo: comprender las mediaciones de conocimiento e información producidas por los participantes del grupo, en la interfaz con los profesionales de salud, considerando su doble estigma: cáncer y discapacidad. Se basa en un abordaje socioantropológico, cualitativo y exploratorio, que utilizó métodos de entrevista narrativa con cinco participantes. El análisis ocurrió a través del método hermenéutico-dialéctico. Los resultados destacan la búsqueda de reconocimiento individual y social y la valorización de la experiencia en relación con el conocimiento oficial y la medida en que las mediaciones van más allá del espacio insti-tucional. La mediación del conocimiento pone de manifiesto elementos significativos sobre una cultura informacional dominante.

The MEDITAGING study: protocol of a two-armed randomized controlled study to compare the effects of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program against a health promotion program in older migrants in Luxembourg.

BACKGROUND: Migration is a phenomenon worldwide, with older migrants, particularly those with fewer socioeconomic resources, having an increased risk of developing adverse cognitive and health outcomes and social isolation. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to validate interventions that promote healthy aging in this population. Previous studies have shown a positive impact of mindfulness based-stress reduction (MBSR) on outcomes such as cognition and sleep. However, only a few studies verified its potential in older adults, especially with vulnerable populations such as migrants. This article presents the protocol of the MEDITAGING study, which is the first to investigate the MBSR effects in migrants aged ≥55 in comparison to a health promotion program. METHODS: MEDITAGING is a two-arm randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, which will include older Portuguese-speaking migrants (n = 90). Participants are randomized to the MBSR or a health promotion program. Both interventions are conducted in groups over a total of 8 weeks, incorporating weekly meetings, an additional 4-hour class, and extra at-home tasks. The health promotion program has the same structure as the MBSR but comprises different activities related to dementia prevention, healthy habits, cognitive stimulation, sleeping, nutrition, watercolor painting, and physical activity. The assessment of executive functioning, physiological stress measures, self-reported questionnaires, and qualitative interviews are conducted at baseline, after 8 weeks (post-intervention), and at a follow-up session (from one to 3 months thereafter). Analyzes will be conducted using a modified intention-to-treat approach (all participants with at least 3 days of participation in the group-sessions and one post-intervention observation). DISCUSSION: This study will test effects of a mindfulness-based intervention against an active control condition in older adult migrants, which few studies have addressed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05615337 (date of registration: 27 September 2022; date of record verification: 14 November 2022).

Bond Strength and Surface Roughness of Two Ceramics After Metal Bracket Debonding.

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the bond strength between metallic brackets and two different glass ceramics and to evaluate the ceramic surface roughness after different finishing protocols. Methods: The surface roughness of lithium disilicate and resin matrix ceramic samples was measured (initial). All samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane and bonded to metallic brackets with orthodontic cement adhesive. Shear bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine (n=12). The surface roughness was measured again (intermediate, n=6) after removing the remaining cement adhesive from the ceramic surfaces with a diamond or 24-blade bur after polishing the ceramic surfaces (final, n=6). Results: The resin matrix ceramic had the highest bond strength. The rotatory instrument used for the removal of cement adhesive did not affect the surface roughness of the resin matrix ceramic or lithium disilicate (p=0.985 and p=0.504, respectively), but did affect the evaluation time (p<0.001) for both restorative materials. The intermediate roughness was the highest. For the resin matrix ceramic, polishing promoted a final surface roughness similar to the initial condition; however, changes in the surface shape of this ceramic could be visibly observed when using a 24-blade bur. Conclusion: The bond strength of metallic brackets bonded on resin-matrix ceramics is higher than bonding on lithium disilicate. The use of diamond burs for the removal of the remaining adhesive from the resin matrix ceramics is highly recommended.

"Effects of soil management, rotation and sequence of crops on soil nitrous oxide emissions in the Cerrado: A multi-factor assessment".

The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases, which contributes significantly to global warming, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. The effects of land use systems on N2O emissions are the result of multiple variables, whose interactions need to be better understood. In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N2O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). The following four land-use systems were evaluated: 1) No-tillage cultivation with biennial crop rotations and sequences: legume-grass and alternating grass-legume crops in the second season - NT-SS/MP; 2) No-tillage with biennial rotations and sequences: grass-legume and alternating second crop of legume-grass - NT-MP/SS; 3) Conventional planting with disc harrow and biennial legume-grass rotation-CT-S/M; and 4) Native Cerrado (CE), no agricultural land use. The legume and grass species, planted in the two no-tillage treatments were soybean, followed by sorghum BRS3.32 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (SS), and maize, followed by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (MP). Nitrous oxide emissions were evaluated for 25 months (October 2013 to October 2015), and the results were grouped in annual, total, growing and non-growing seasons, as well as yield-scaled N2O emissions. The mean N2O fluxes were 24.14, 15.71, 32.49 and 1.87 µg m-2 h-1 in the NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and Cerrado areas respectively. Cumulative N2O fluxes over the total evaluation period from the systems NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and CE, respectively, were 3.47, 2.29, 4.87 and 0.26 kg ha-1. A correlation between N2O fluxes and the environmental variables was observed, with the exception of water-filled pore space (WFPS), but N2O peaks were associated with WFPS values of >65%. In the 2014-2015 growing season, yield-scaled N2O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N2O emissions in the Cerrado.

Carbon Storage in Different Compartments in Eucalyptus Stands and Native Cerrado Vegetation.

This study evaluated Carbon (C) storage in different compartments in eucalyptus stands and native Cerrado vegetation. To determine C above ground, an inventory was carried out in the areas where diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at base height (Db), and total tree height (H) were measured. In the stands, the rigorous cubage was made by the direct method, and in the native vegetation, it was determined by the indirect method through an allometric equation. Roots were collected by direct method using circular monoliths to a depth of 60 cm and determined by the volume of the cylinder. Samples were collected up to 100 cm deep to estimate C stock in the soil. All samples collected directly had C determined using the CHNS elemental analyzer. Gas samples were collected using a manually closed chamber, and the gas concentration was determined by gas chromatography. The results indicate high C storage in the studied areas > 183.99 Mg ha-1, could contribute to CO2 mitigation > 674.17 Mg ha-1. In addition to low emissions (<1 kg ha-1 yr-1) for the three evaluated areas, with no statistical difference in relation to the Global Warming Potential. Concerning the native cerrado vegetation conversion, the "4-year-old eucalyptus stand" seemed to restore the original soil carbon stocks in the first-meter depth, regardless of some losses that might have occurred right after establishment. Conversely, a significant loss of carbon in the soil was observed due to the alternative setting, where similar natural land was converted into agriculture, mostly soybean, and then, years later, turned into the "6-year-old eucalyptus stand" (28.43 Mg ha-1). Under this study, these mixed series of C baselines in landscape transitions have reflected on unlike C dynamics outcomes, whereas at the bottom line, total C stocks were higher in the younger forest (4-year-old stand). Therefore, our finding indicates that we should be thoughtful regarding upscaling carbon emissions and sequestration from small-scale measurements to regional scales.

Soil Carbon Stocks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation of Agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado-A Review.

New agricultural practices and land-use intensification in the Cerrado biome have affected the soil carbon stocks. A major part of the native vegetation of the Brazilian Cerrado, a tropical savanna-like ecoregion, has been replaced by crops, which has caused changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks. To ensure the sustainability of this intensified agricultural production, actions have been taken to increase soil C stocks and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In the last two decades, new agricultural practices have been adopted in the Cerrado region, and their impact on C stocks needs to be better understood. This subject has been addressed in a systematic review of the existing data in the literature, consisting of 63 articles from the Scopus database. Our review showed that the replacement of Cerrado vegetation by crop species decreased the original soil C stocks (depth 0-30 cm) by 73%, with a peak loss of 61.14 Mg ha-1. However, when analyzing the 0-100 cm layer, 52.4% of the C stock data were higher under cultivated areas than in native Cerrado soils, with a peak gain of 93.6 Mg ha-1. The agricultural practices implemented in the Brazilian Cerrado make low-carbon agriculture in this biome possible.

Gender inequalities as contributors to dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean: what factors are missing from research?

The current knowledge of modifiable risk factors for dementia comes mainly from high-income countries. In Latin America and Caribbean countries, where the burden of gender and socioeconomic inequalities is greater than in high-income countries, the prevalence of dementia is also higher and disease onset is earlier, especially among women, even after adjustments for life expectancy. In this Personal View, we discuss socioeconomic modifiable risk factors for dementia established by previous studies and postulate further harmful and often hidden factors faced by women that might influence the gender-specific timing of onset and general prevalence of dementia. We emphasise some of the effects of gender roles, their direct and indirect effects on dementia, and how they disproportionately impact women. Finally, we highlight the importance of bringing hidden risk factors to open discussion to promote research with high-quality data and to encourage public policies to promote and preserve women's health.

Desafios do enfermeiro no tratamento aos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar nos espaços de assistência à saúde / Nurse challenges in treating pulmonary tuberculosis patients in healthcare spaces / Desafíos de enfermería en el tratamiento de pacientes con tuberculosis de pulmón en espacios de asistencia sanitaria

Introdução: A tuberculose é causada pelo bacilo de Koch que atinge principalmente os pulmões. Contudo, uma pequena parcela, cerca de 15%, se desenvolve em outras estruturas corporais, como na laringe, gânglios, pleura, pele, intestinos, ossos e meninge, sendo denominada, tuberculose extrapulmonar. Sua transmissão ocorre por meio de aerossóis provenientes do sistema respiratório que após eliminadas, ficam suspensas no ar e/ou permanecem viáveis por um período no ambiente. No Brasil, no ano de 2020 estima-se que o número de óbitos foi de 4.543 pessoas, o coeficiente de mortalidade manteve-se de 2,3 por 100.000 habitantes e ao todo 36.000 foram infectadas. Objetivo: Evidenciar os principais desafios do enfermeiro no tratamento aos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar nos espaços de assistência à saúde. Material e métodos: O estudo constitui-se de uma revisão de literatura, do tipo narrativa e de natureza descritiva, tendo como base teórica artigos científico acadêmicos. Para conduzir a revisão foram selecionadas as bases de dados Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde: LILACS. Nisso, foram pautados artigos completos para levantamento de pesquisa em um período de até 5 anos. Resultados/Discussão: O modelo final desta revisão foi composto por nove artigos publicados entre os anos de 2019 e 2022. O presente estudo torna notório o importante papel da enfermagem no diagnóstico precoce na assistência primária, assim como na atuação de atividades para educação dos civis sobre promoção de saúde e prevenção de doenças. Entretanto, a falta de profissionais capacitados e a necessidade de maior participação da equipe multiprofissional representam as maiores problemáticas que cercam este estudo. A partir da leitura dos artigos tornou-se relevante segregar quatro tópicos que nortearam a discussão desta análise, são eles: Acessibilidade, incompletude de prontuários, renda familiar/estigma social e fortalecimento das estratégias de atendimento. Em relação a incompletude dos prontuários, notou-se que os enfermeiros que participaram da pesquisa delimitavam-se aos sinais e sintomas físicos dos pacientes e negligenciaram outros fatores, sendo uma influência do histórico do modelo biomédico, o que prejudica a integralidade da assistência à saúde. Esses indícios devem ser corrigidos, visto que outros métodos devem ser incluídos como fonte de informação para a assistência integral ao paciente. Identificou-se a necessidade de otimizar os registros no prontuário e reiterar a importância dessa prática para evitar que a real situação a respeito da TB seja disfarçada e haja tomada de decisões não condizentes e errôneas. Ademais, o fortalecimento das estratégias de enfrentamento da atenção primária é de tamanha importância, já que sua falta compromete a detecção precoce da doença, o tratamento adequado e a prevenção da disseminação da doença. Por fim, o enfermeiro tem o papel de orientar a população sobre meios de contaminação, buscar casos de TB e educar sobre os benefícios e malefícios do tratamento e da não adesão dele. Considerações finais: Conclui-se ser necessário uma padronização da conduta do enfermeiro, que deve incluir acesso integral aos doentes, acompanhamento do uso da medicação, teste rápidos, além de incentivar uma abordagem individualizada para os pacientes com tuberculose.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by Koch's bacillus that mainly affects the lungs. However, a small portion, about 15%, develops in other body structures, such as the larynx, ganglia, pleura, skin, intestines, bones, and meninges, and is termed extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Its transmission occurs by means of aerosols coming from the respiratory system that, after being eliminated, remain suspended in the air and/or remain viable for a period in the environment. In Brazil, in the year 2020 it is estimated that the number of deaths was 4,543 people, the mortality coefficient remained 2.3 per 100,000 inhabitants and in all 36,000 were infected. Objective: To highlight the main challenges of the nurse in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the health care spaces. Material and methods: The study consists of a review of literature, narrative type and descriptive nature, based on theoretical academic scientific articles. To conduct the review, the Scielo and Virtual Health Library databases were selected: LILACS. In this respect, full papers for the survey of research in a period of up to 5 years were drawn up. Results/Discussion: The final model of this review was composed of nine articles published between 2019 and 2022. The present study makes well known the important role of nursing in early diagnosis in primary care, as well as in the performance of activities for educating civilians about health promotion and disease prevention. However, the lack of skilled professionals and the need for greater participation of the multiprofessional team represent the biggest problems surrounding this study. From the reading of the articles, it became relevant to segregate four topics that guided the discussion of this analysis, are: Accessibility, incompleteness of medical records, family income/social stigma and strengthening of care strategies. Regarding the incompleteness of the medical records, it was noted that the nurses who participated in the research were limited to the physical signs and symptoms of the patients and neglected other factors, being an influence of the history of the biomedical model, which impairs the completeness of the health care. These indications should be corrected, as other methods should be included as a source of information for comprehensive patient care. The need to optimize the records in the medical record was identified and the importance of this practice was reiterated, to avoid the real situation with regard to TB being disguised and inconsistent and erroneous decisions being taken. Furthermore, the strengthening of strategies for coping with primary care is of such importance, since its lack compromises the early detection of the disease, the adequate treatment and the prevention of the dissemination of the disease. Finally, the nurse has the role of giving guidance to the population about means of contamination, of looking for cases of TB, and of educating about the benefits and harms of the treatment and of not adhering to it. Conclusion: It is concluded that a standardization of the nurse's conduct is necessary, which should include full access to patients, follow-up of the use of medication, rapid tests, besides encouraging an individualized approach for patients with tuberculosis.

Introducción: La tuberculosis es causada por el bacilo de Koch que afecta principalmente a los pulmones. Sin embargo, una pequeña porción, cercana al 15%, se desarrolla en otras estructuras corporales, como la laringe, ganglia, pleura, piel, intestinos, huesos y meninges, siendo llamada tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Su transmisión se realiza por medio de aerosoles procedentes del sistema respiratorio que, después de ser eliminados, se suspenden en el aire y/o permanecen viables durante un período en el medio ambiente. En el Brasil, en el año 2020, se estima que el número de fallecimientos fue de 4.543 personas, que el coeficiente de mortalidad se mantuvo en 2,3 por 100.000 habitantes y que en total 36.000 resultaron infectados. Objetivo: poner de relieve los principales retos del tratamiento de enfermería para pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en las áreas de atención de la salud. Material y métodos: El estudio es una revisión de la literatura, del tipo narrativo y de naturaleza descriptiva, basada en artículos teóricos académicos científicos. Para llevar a cabo el examen, se seleccionaron las bases de datos de Scielo y Virtual Library on Health: LILACS. A este respecto, se elaboraron artículos completos para un estudio de investigación en un período de hasta cinco años. Resultados/Debate: El modelo final de esta revisión se compone de nueve artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2022. En este estudio se destaca el importante papel de la enfermería en el diagnóstico precoz en la atención primaria, así como en las actividades de educación de los civiles sobre la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades. Sin embargo, la falta de profesionales cualificados y la necesidad de una mayor participación del equipo multiprofesional son los mayores problemas que rodean este estudio. A partir de la lectura de los artículos, se hizo relevante separar cuatro temas que guiaron el debate de este análisis, a saber: accesibilidad, registros incompletos, ingresos familiares/estigma social y el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de asistencia. En relación con la inexhaustividad de los registros médicos, se observó que las enfermeras que participaron en la investigación se limitaban a los signos y síntomas físicos de los pacientes y descuidaban otros factores, siendo una influencia de la historia del modelo biomédico, lo que daña la integridad de la atención sanitaria. Estas indicaciones deben corregirse, ya que se deben incluir otros métodos como fuente de información para la atención completa del paciente. Se ha identificado la necesidad de optimizar los registros médicos digitales y de reiterar la importancia de esta práctica para evitar que la situación real de la tuberculosis sea disfrazada, indigna y errónea. Además, el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de atención primaria es de tal importancia, ya que su ausencia pone en peligro la detección precoz de la enfermedad, el tratamiento adecuado y la prevención de la diseminación de la enfermedad. Finalmente, la enfermera tiene el papel de guiar a la población sobre los medios de contaminación, buscando casos de tuberculosis y educándolos sobre los beneficios y daños del tratamiento y de su falta de cumplimiento. Consideraciones finales: Se concluye que es necesaria la estandarización de la conducta de la enfermera, que debe incluir el pleno acceso a los pacientes, el seguimiento del uso de medicamentos, las pruebas rápidas y el fomento de un enfoque individualizado para los pacientes de tuberculosis.

Perfil Socioeconômico de Pessoas com Câncer de Laringe e Cavidade Oral em Tratamento no Instituto Nacional de Câncer / Socioeconomic Profile of People with Cancer of the Larynx and Oral Cavity Being Treated at National Cancer Institute / Perfil Socioeconómico de las Personas con Cáncer de Laringe y Cavidad Oral en Tratamiento en el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer

Introdução: O câncer é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública do mundo. O câncer de cabeça e pescoço apresenta como principais fatores de risco o tabagismo, o etilismo, entre outros fatores associados ao modelo econômico vigente, explicitando a associação entre desigualdades socioeconômicas e incidência/mortalidade. Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil socioeconômico das pessoas com câncer de laringe e cavidade oral, matriculadas na clínica de cabeça e pescoço do HCI/INCA no período de fevereiro a julho de 2017. Método: O caminho metodológico empregado se divide em dois eixos: revisão de literatura narrativa e definição conceitual de terminologias utilizadas na pesquisa; e questionário aplicado com pessoas adoecidas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que visa levantar elementos qualitativos para a construção do perfil socioeconômico. Resultados: Os resultados apresentam o perfil socioeconômico, demonstram a magnitude das condições socioeconômicas e como estas podem impactar no processo de tratamento oncológico. Conclusão: Tais questões são desafiadoras para o trabalho em equipes de saúde, que, diante de situações complexas, precisam desenvolver a interlocução entre diferentes saberes para subsidiar decisões compartilhadas.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the main public health problems in the world. The main risk factors for head and neck cancer are smoking, alcoholism, and others associated with the current economic model, explaining the association between socioeconomic inequalities and incidence/mortality. Objective: To know the socioeconomic profile of people with cancer of the larynx and oral cavity, enrolled in the head and neck clinic at HCI/INCA from February to July 2017. Method: The methodological path used is divided into two axes: the narrative literature review and conceptual definition of terminologies used in the research and the questionnaire applied with sick people. This is an exploratory investigation that aims to raise qualitative elements for the construction of the socioeconomic profile. Results: The results describe the socioeconomic profile, demonstrate the magnitude of socioeconomic conditions and how these can impact the oncology treatment process. Conclusion: These issues are challenging for the work of health teams that, when faced with complex situations, need to develop the dialogue between different types of expertise to support shared decisions.

Introducción: El cáncer es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en el mundo. El cáncer de cabeza y cuello presenta como principales factores de riesgo el tabaquismo, alcoholismo, entre otros asociados al modelo económico actual, explicando la asociación entre desigualdades socioeconómicas e incidencia/mortalidad. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil socioeconómico de las personas con cáncer de laringe y cavidad oral, inscritas en la clínica de cabeza y cuello del HCI/INCA de febrero a julio de 2017. Método: La ruta metodológica utilizada se divide en dos ejes: la revisión bibliográfica narrativa y definición conceptual de terminologías utilizadas en la investigación y el cuestionario aplicado a las personas enfermas. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria que pretende levantar elementos cualitativos para la construcción del perfil socioeconómico. Resultados: Los resultados presentan el perfil socioeconómico, demuestran la magnitud de las condiciones socioeconómicas y cómo estas pueden impactar en el proceso de tratamiento del cáncer. Conclusión: Tales cuestiones son desafiantes para el trabajo de los equipos de salud que frente a cuestiones complejas necesitan desarrollar la interlocución entre diferentes conocimientos para subvencionar las decisiones compartidas

Systematic review on post-stroke computerized cognitive training: Unveiling the impact of confounding factors.

Background: Stroke is a highly incapacitating disease that can lead to disabilities due to cognitive impairment, physical, emotional, and social sequelae, and a decrease in the quality of life of those affected. Moreover, it has been suggested that cognitive reserve (patients' higher levels of education or having a skilled occupation), for instance, can promote faster cognitive recovery after a stroke. For this reason, this review aims to identify the cognitive, functional, and behavioral effects of computerized rehabilitation in patients aged 50 years or older who had a stroke, considering cognitive reserve proxies. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-PRISMA, and performed the search for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials without a date restriction on CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were chosen. Results: We screened 780 papers and found 19 intervention studies, but only 4 met the inclusion criteria and shared data. These studies included computerized tools for motor and cognitive rehabilitation in the experimental groups. In all studies, computerized training was combined with other interventions, such as standard therapy, occupational therapy, and aerobic exercises. There were 104 participants affected by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, predominantly male (57.69%), and all with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Despite a limited number of studies, varied methods and insufficient information available, schooling as a CR proxy combined with high-intensity computerized cognitive training was key to mediating cognitive improvement. The systematic review also identified that the associated ischemic stroke and shorter time of onset for rehabilitation contribute to the cognitive evolution of patients. Findings do not support a greater benefit of computerized cognitive training compared to conventional cognitive therapies. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=296193], identifier [CRD42022296193].

Relationships between soil properties and species establishment in the restoration of mined soils in the Cerrado biome.

Restoring the ecosystems of the Cerrado biome is challenging considering the diversity of phytophysiognomies present in the biome, some of which are composed of species from different strata (herbaceous, shrubby, and arboreal), which increases the complexity of restructuring the floristic composition. Other factors was involved, such as soil quality, which directly influences the success of restoration, water storage, and nutrients, the financial costs, and a slow ecological process, due to the adverse circumstances found in the area. be restored. The strong anthropogenic interventions by mining processes reduce dramatically the physical and nutritional composition of the soil. We studied two restoration areas in Paracatu, Brazil, to examine their edaphic conditions six years after mining activities ceased and relate them to the status of the restoration process. In 2009, a Cerrado restoration were established in an area previously explored for gravel extraction. Plants were sampled and identified in 11 transects along the planting lines. The diameter base (DB) and total height (HT) were measured. The physical/chemical quality of the soil substrate was determined using a collection of samples in open trenches at four types of points: Cerrado (TC); dead plant pits (TM); seedling pits having living individuals of the most abundant species (TT); and those of the second-most abundant species (TE). Cecropia pachystachya Trécul and Tapirira guianensis Aubl. were most abundant and demonstrated the potential to thrive in areas degraded by mining having low mortality rates and growth at relatively DB and HT. The physical quality indicators in the gravel pits were not limiting, indicating that substrate preparation was efficient in this regard. The organic matter content in TM, TT, and TE was low in comparison to that of TC, and the chemical conditions in the TE pit substrates were similar to those in TM pits, suggesting C. pachystachya is a species with good plasticity, whereas T. guianensis is present in pits with higher levels of phosphorus.

Prevalence of dementia in Latin America and Caribbean countries: Systematic review and meta-analyses exploring age, sex, rurality, and education as possible determinants.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) may be higher than in high-income countries. Thus, we sought to systematically analyse the prevalence of dementia and explore possible drivers that lead to this disparity in LAC countries. METHOD: We searched Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO for studies on dementia in LAC countries published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Random-effects model was applied. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies from 17 LAC countries were included. Pooled prevalence of all-cause dementia was 10.66%. Further analyses with studies providing raw prevalence by sex, area, and educational level showed a higher prevalence for women (8.97%) than for men (7.26%). Also, dementia prevalence was higher for rural than urban residents (7.71% vs 8.68%, respectively). Participants without formal education presented more than double the prevalence of dementia (21.37%) compared to those with at least one year of formal education (9.88%). Studies with more recent data collection showed higher dementia prevalence. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a high global dementia prevalence in LAC countries and an unequal burden of dementia for women, lower-educated, and rural residents. Secular increases in dementia prevalence call for greater public health efforts for preventative actions.

Development of a New Integrated System for Vital Sign Monitoring in Small Animals.

Monitoring the vital signs of mice is an essential practice during imaging procedures to avoid populational losses and improve image quality. For this purpose, a system based on a set of devices (piezoelectric sensor, optical module and thermistor) able to detect the heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in mice anesthetized with sevoflurane was implemented. Results were validated by comparison with the reported literature on similar anesthetics. A new non-invasive electrocardiogram (ECG) module was developed, and its first results reflect the viability of its integration in the system. The sensors were strategically positioned on mice, and the signals were acquired through a custom-made printed circuit board during imaging procedures with a micro-PET (Positron Emission Tomography). For sevoflurane concentration of 1.5%, the average values obtained were: 388 bpm (beats/minute), 124 rpm (respirations/minute) and 88.9% for the heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2, respectively. From the ECG information, the value obtained for the heart rate was around 352 bpm for injectable anesthesia. The results compare favorably to the ones established in the literature, proving the reliability of the proposed system. The ECG measurements show its potential for mice heart monitoring during imaging acquisitions and thus for integration into the developed system.

Discerning Developmental Dyscalculia and Neurodevelopmental Models of Numerical Cognition in a Disadvantaged Educational Context.

Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) signifies a failure in representing quantities, which impairs the performance of basic math operations and schooling achievement during childhood. The lack of specificity in assessment measures and respective cut-offs are the most challenging factors to identify children with DD, particularly in disadvantaged educational contexts. This research is focused on a numerical cognition battery for children, designed to diagnose DD through 12 subtests. The aims of the present study were twofold: to examine the prevalence of DD in a country with generally low educational attainment, by comparing z-scores and percentiles, and to test three neurodevelopmental models of numerical cognition based on performance in this battery. Participants were 304 Brazilian school children aged 7-12 years of both sexes (143 girls), assessed by the Zareki-R. Performances on subtests and the total score increase with age without gender differences. The prevalence of DD was 4.6% using the fifth percentile and increased to 7.4% via z-score (in total 22 out of 304 children were diagnosed with DD). We suggest that a minus 1.5 standard deviation in the total score of the Zareki-R is a useful criterion in the clinical or educational context. Nevertheless, a percentile ≤ 5 seems more suitable for research purposes, especially in developing countries because the socioeconomic environment or/and educational background are strong confounder factors to diagnosis. The four-factor structure, based on von Aster and Shalev's model of numerical cognition (Number Sense, Number Comprehension, Number Production and Calculation), was the best model, with significant correlations ranging from 0.89 to 0.97 at the 0.001 level.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The population of Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is ageing rapidly, presenting the highest prevalence rates of dementia in the world. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate condition between normal ageing, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of MCI in LAC countries and explore factors associated with MCI (i.e. age, sex/gender, and education). METHOD: A database search was conducted in September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, SciELO, EMBASE, and medRxiv for population- or community-based studies, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. RESULTS: From 2,155 screened studies, we selected reports including subjects with a precise diagnosis of MCI. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, adding up to 20,220 participants in nine countries: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. Estimates for all-type MCI prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 25.5% and amnestic MCI between 3.1% and 10.5%. Estimates differed by age and education, with oldest and lower-educated adults presenting higher MCI prevalence. CONCLUSION: This first systematic review of the prevalence of MCI discusses the population strata with the highest potential to benefit from dementia risk reduction interventions in LAC countries.

Mediação de saberes na sobrevivência ao câncer: a experiência do grupo de laringectomizados totais do HCI/INCA / [Mediation of knowledge in cancer survival: the experience of the HCI/INCA total laryngectomized group]

A presente pesquisa é fruto de reflexões acerca da sobrevivência ao câncer de laringe e da experiência estigmatizante vivenciada por pessoas diagnosticadas com câncer de laringe no HCI/INCA, submetidas a cirurgia de Laringectomia Total (LT) e que passam a conviver com a deficiência provocada pela traqueostomia definitiva. No ambiente hospitalar do HCI/INCA formou-se, ao longo dos anos, o grupo de "laringectomizados totais" (GLT), que desenvolve ações de apoio mútuo, música e coral, onde são produzidos, circulam e são apropriados saberes e informações que sustentam e fortalecem pessoas, em meio aos desafios impostos pelo adoecimento. O objeto de pesquisa foi construído a partir de dois prismas: a) os discursos, enunciados, esquemas classificatórios que orientam e determinam as práticas médicas no dispositivo hospitalar no contexto de um regime de informação; b) as práticas e as mediações de saberes e informações que se constroem na experiência do diagnóstico, adoecimento, tratamento, por meio de redes sociais de apoio e a produção coletiva de sentidos sobre a doença. Esse estudo buscou compreender as mediações de saberes e informações produzidas pelos participantes do grupo, na interface com outros atores sociais, como os profissionais de saúde no ambiente hospitalar, considerando a sua dupla condição de estigma: o câncer e a deficiência, fatores que podem reorientar suas novas condições de existência, identidade e pertencimento social. Os esquemas classificatórios que orientam a prática médica têm sido centrais nas ações em saúde em detrimento do conhecimento da sobrevivência ao câncer e do estigma vivenciado por pacientes, que são aspectos historicamente negligenciados no debate em saúde. Essa análise torna o estudo inovador no campo da Saúde e da Ciência da Informação, buscando uma abordagem interdisciplinar e socioantropológica. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo e exploratório empregou os métodos de entrevista narrativa e grupo focal com cinco "laringectomizados totais" e entrevista semiestruturada com três profissionais de saúde que atuam junto ao grupo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no informativo institucional Informe INCA no período de 1983 à 2010 e foram analisados 94 exemplares. A análise do conjunto de dados foi realizada através do método da hermenêutica-dialética, que possibilita a compreensão e a interpretação dos dados, considerando o movimento relacional da realidade na qual os participantes da pesquisa estão inseridos. Nos resultados da pesquisa as seguintes questões se destacam: a) as relações e os conflitos entre o assujeitamento e as possibilidades de subjetivação a partir da experiência; b) a busca pelo reconhecimento individual e social como forma de amenizar o estigma e de ter oseu saber valorizado frente aos demais saberes oficiais; c) as mediações sociais construídas extrapolam o espaço institucional e denotam a preocupação e o compromisso dos LT com uma transformação social mais ampla e epistemologicamente mais justa

The present research is the result of reflections about surviving laryngeal cancer and the stigmatizing experience lived by people diagnosed with laryngeal cancer at HCI/INCA, who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) surgery and have to live with the disability caused by definitive tracheostomy. In the hospital environment at HCI/INCA, a group of "total laryngectomized patients" (GLT) was formed over the years, which develops actions of mutual support, music and choir, where knowledge and information that sustain and strengthen people amidst the challenges imposed by the illness are produced, circulated and appropriated. The research object was built from two prisms: a) the discourses, statements, classification schemes that guide and determine the medical practices in the hospital device in the context of an information regime; b) the practices and the mediations of knowledge and information that are built in the experience of diagnosis, illness, treatment, through social support networks and the collective production of meanings about the disease. This study sought to understand the mediations of knowledge and information produced by the participants of the group, at the interface with other social actors, such as health professionals in the hospital environment, considering their double condition of stigma: cancer and disability, factors that can reorient their new conditions of existence, identity, and social belonging. The classificatory schemes that guide medical practice have been central in health actions to the detriment of knowledge about cancer survivorship and the stigma experienced by patients, which are aspects historically neglected in the health debate. This analysis makes this study innovative in the field of Health and Information Science, seeking an interdisciplinary and socioanthropological approach. The research, qualitative and exploratory in nature, employed the methods of narrative interview and focus group with five "total laryngectomized patients" and semi-structured interviews with three health professionals who work with the group. A documentary research was carried out in the institutional information Informe INCA from 1983 to 2010 and 94 copies were analyzed. The analysis of the data set was performed through the hermeneuticsdialectics method, which enables the understanding and interpretation of data, considering the relational movement of reality in which the research participants are inserted. In the results of the research, the following issues stand out: a) the relations and conflicts between the subjectivity and the possibilities of subjectivation based on experience: b) the search for individual and social recognition as a way to mitigate the stigma and to have their knowledge valued in relation to other official knowledge; c) the social mediations built go beyond the institutional space and denote the concern and commitment of LTs with a broader social transformation and epistemologically more just

The Moderating Role of Resilience in the Personality-Mental Health Relationship During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Associations between personality traits and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, loneliness, and stress) have rarely been assessed in a population-representative sample of a high-income country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, as far as we know, the role of health and social behaviors as well as resilience in the personality-mental health relationship has yet to be explored. Methods: A representative sample of 1,828 residents of Luxembourg filled in validated scales to assess personality traits and resilience, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, loneliness, and stress, indicating mental health, in mid-April 2020. Results: Approximately 21% of the participants scored above the cut-off for moderate depression and moderate loneliness. Moderate anxiety and moderate stress were present in 6.2 and 0.3% of the participants, respectively. Higher-educated respondents and those living in higher-value housing reported better mental health. Agreeableness and conscientiousness were most consistently associated with better mental health; neuroticism was most consistently associated with worse mental health. Spending more time on social media was also associated with elevated levels of all four mental health outcomes. Social and health behaviors did not change the personality-mental health relationships. Resilience moderated some of the personality-mental health associations, most consistently in neuroticism. Conclusions: Findings suggest educational and socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in a nationally representative sample during the COVID-19 confinement measures. Personality traits, particularly agreeableness, conscientiousness, and low neuroticism were associated with mental health. The moderating role of resilience in the personality-mental health relationship suggests intervention potential to improve mental health during periods of confinement.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Lippia origanoides Kunth Essential Oil from the Carajás National Forest, Brazil.

Species of the genus Lippia are rich in essential oils and have shown antibacterial properties, which may be related to oils' chemical composition. The present work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Lippia origanoides Kunth against two bacteria strains: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Leaf essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and flame ionization detection (GC/FID). We identified 28 compounds, representing 98.87% of the total concentration of the essential oil. The compounds identified at the highest concentrations were 1,8-cineole (35.04%), carvacrol (11.32%), p-cymene (8.53%), α-pinene (7.17%), and γ-terpinene (7.16%). The leaf essential oil of L. origanoides showed antibacterial action on biological isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For Escherichia coli, the oil presented bactericidal action at concentrations of 5-20 µL/mL. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus, the bactericidal effect was noted at 20 µL/mL and the bacteriostatic action was noted around 2.5-10 µL/mL. Given the results obtained, L. origanoides essential oil showed promising biological potential against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, thus encouraging further studies on substances isolated from this species to contribute to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

Changes in prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors 2000-2015 in São Paulo, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Decreases in prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia over the last two decades have been observed in different countries for cohorts entering older age. This study aimed to assess the cognitive impairment prevalence and explore associated factors among subjects aged >60 living in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Data came from a population-based Health, Welfare and Aging survey conducted in 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015. Cognitive impairment was detected using the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Exam corrected by formal education years. In total, there were 5922 respondents in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Logistic regression models adjusted for age group, income, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression were used to estimate cognitive impairment prevalence. Between 2015 and 2000, respondents were more likely to report formal education, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. Moreover, the weighted analyses showed that cognitive impairment prevalence was higher in 2015, even adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. CONCLUSION: In contrast to decreases in cognitive impairment prevalence in other countries and despite increases in educational years, our findings suggest no secular improvements in cognitive health for the 2015 wave of older adults residing in São Paulo.